Resilience and Burnout in nurses of a general hospital in Lima, Peru
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between resilience and burnout dimensions (emotional wear, indifference, and professional efficacy) in nurses of a general hospital in Metropolitan Lima. Method: 150 nurses were evaluated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI - GS) and with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale of 10 items (CD-RISC 10). The correlations between the variables were calculated and the scores were compared according to the types of shift and labor contract. . Results: There is a statistically significant relationship between resilience and burnout, being negative with the emotional stress and indifference dimensions, while with professional efficacy it was positive, obtaining small and moderate effect sizes. In addition, statistically significant differences and medium effect sizes in emotional stress and indifference were found according to the type of shift and employment contract. Conclusion: The resilience and dimensions of burnout have a significant relationship in nurses of a general hospital in Metropolitan Lima.
Downloads
References
Aburn, G., Gott, M. y Hoare, K. (2016). What is resilience? An Integrative Review of the empirical literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(5), 980–1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12888
Alderete, M., Navarro, C., González, R., Contreras, M. y Pérez, J. (2015). Factores Psicosociales y Síndrome de Burnout en Personal de Enfermería de una Unidad de Tercer Nivel de Atención a la Salud. Ciencia y Trabajo, 17, 32-36.
Arias, W.L. y Zegarra, J. (2013). Clima organizacional, síndrome de burnout y afrontamiento en trabajadores de un hospital oncológico de Arequipa. Revista de Psicología, 15, 37-54.
Arrogante, Ó. (2014). Mediación de la resiliencia entre burnout y salud en el personal de Enfermería. Enfermería Clínica, 24(5), 283–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2014.06.003
Bakker, A. B. y Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands‐Resources model: state of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
Castillo, I. Y., Torres, N., Ahumada A., Cárdenas, K. y Licona, S. (2014). Estrés laboral en enfermería y factores asociados. Cartagena (Colombia). Salud Uninorte, 30, 34-43.
Cohen. J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Connor, K. M. y Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
Díaz-Bambula, F., y Gómez, I.C. (2016). La investigación sobre el síndrome de Burnout en Lationamérica entre 2000 y el 2010. Psicología desde el Caribe, 33, 113-131.
Dominguez-Lara, S. A., Gravini-Donado, M., y Torres-Villalobos, G. Análisis psicométrico de dos versiones de la Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale en estudiantes universitarios peruanos: propuesta del CD-RISC-7. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 11(2), 36-51.
Easterbrooks, M. A., Driscoll, J. R. y Bartlett, J. D. (2008). Resilience in Infancy: A Relational Approach. Research in Human Development, 5(3), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427600802273987
Edward, K.-l., Welch, A. y Chater, K. (2009). The phenomenon of resilience as described by adults who have experienced mental illness. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65: 587–595. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04912.x
EsSalud (17 de abril del 2015). Hospital Almenara de EsSalud fue categorizado a Instituto de Salud Especializado. Recuperado de http://www.essalud.gob.pe/hospital-almenara-de-essalud-fue-categorizado-a-instituto-de-salud-especializado/
EsSalud (2017). Seguro Social de Salud del Perú. Lima, Perú. Recuperado de http://www.essalud.gob.pe
ESSALUD (2019b). Población asegurada Activa 2019 (Act 31/07/2019). Recuperado el 01 de Octubre de 2019, de http://www.essalud.gob.pe/downloads/estadistica/POB_ASEG_2019.zip
Fernández-Arata, M., Juárez García, A., & Merino Soto, C. (2015). Análisis estructural e invarianza de medición del MBI-GS en trabajadores peruanos. Liberabit, 21(1), 9-20.
Gago, K. A., Martínez, I. K. y Alegre, A. (2017). Clima laboral y síndrome de burnout en enfermeras de un hospital general de Huancayo, Perú. PSIENCIA. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencia Psicológica, 9. doi: 10.5872/psiencia/9.4.21
Gartland, D., Bond, L., Olsson, C. A., Buzwell, S. y Sawyer, S. M. (2011). Development of a multi-dimensional measure of resilience in adolescents: the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 11(1), 134.
Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., De la Fuente-Solana, E. I., Albendín-García, L., Vargas-Pecino, C., Ortega-Campos, E. M. y Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A. (2017). Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in Emergency Nurses: A Meta-Analysis. Critical Care Nurse, 37(5), e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2017508
Hernández, R., Fernández, C. y Baptista, L. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6ª ed.). México D.F.: McGraw-Hill.
Hildon, Z., Montgomery, S. M., Blane, D., Wiggins, R. D. y Netuveli, G. (2010). Examining Resilience of Quality of Life in the Face of Health-Related and Psychosocial Adversity at Older Ages: What is “Right” About the Way We Age? The Gerontologist, 50(1), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnp067
Hylton, C., y Batcheller, J. (2015). Burnout and resilience among nurses practicing in high-intensity settings. American Journal of Critical Care, 24 (5), 412- 420.
Hopkins, W. G. (1997). New view of statistics. Retrieved from http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/effectmag.html.
Huang, X., Chan, S. C. H., Lam, W. y Nan, X. (2010). The joint effect of leader–member exchange and emotional intelligence on burnout and work performance in call centers in China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(7), 1124–1144. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585191003783553
Ju, S. J. y Oh, D. (2016). Relationships between Nurses’ Resilience, Emotional Labor, Turnover Intention, Job Involvement, Organizational Commitment and Burnout. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(46).
Juárez, A., García, J., Camacho, A., Gómez, V., Vera, A., Fernández, M. y García, I. (2011). Traducción y adaptación del MBI-GS en población latina. Documento no publicado.
Khamisa, N., Oldenburg, B., Peltzer, K. y Ilic, D. (2015). Work Related Stress, Burnout, Job Satisfaction and General Health of Nurses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(1), 652–666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120100652
Khamisa, N., Peltzer, K., Ilic, D. y Oldenburg, B. (2017). Effect of personal and work stress on burnout, job satisfaction and general health of hospital nurses in South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid, 22, 252–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hsag.2016.10.001
Kutluturkan, S., Sozeri, E., Uysal, N. y Bay, F. (2016). Resilience and burnout status among nurses working in oncology. Annals of General Psychiatry, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-016-0121-3
Maslach, C. y Leiter, M. P. (2003). Areas of worklife: a structured approach to organizational predictors of job burnout. In Emotional and Physiological Processes and Positive Intervention Strategies (Vol. 3, pp. 91–134). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3555(03)03003-8
Maslach, C., Jackson, S., y Leiter, M. (1997). The Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual (Vol. 3).
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. y Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job Burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
Medeiros-Costa, M. E., Maciel, R. H., Rêgo, D. P. do, Lima, L. L. de, Silva, M. E. P. da, y Freitas, J. G. (2017). Occupational Burnout Syndrome in the nursing context: an integrative literature review. Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem Da USP, 51(0). https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2016023403235
Meng, H., Luo, Y., Huang, L., Wen, J., Ma, J. y Xi, J. (2017). On the relationships of resilience with organizational commitment and burnout: a social exchange perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1381136
Moss, M., Good, V. S., Gozal, D., Kleinpell, R. y Sessler, C. N. (2016). An Official Critical Care Societies Collaborative Statement—Burnout Syndrome in Critical Care Health-care Professionals. Chest, 150(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2016.02.649
Mullin, W. J. y Arce, M. (2008). Resilience of Families Living in Poverty. Journal of Family Social Work, 11(4), 424–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522150802424565
Muñoz Sánchez, J., Del Amor Martinez, N., Lázaro Sahuquillo, M., Carranza Román, A. y Martínez Cantó, M. (2017). Análisis de impacto de la crisis económica sobre el síndrome de Burnout y resiliencia en el personal de enfermería. Enfermería Global, 16(2), 315. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.2.239681
Notario-Pacheco, B., Solera, M., Serrano, M. D., Bartolomé, R., García-Campayo, J. y Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10 item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10 item CDRISC) in young adults. Health Quality Life Outcomes, 9, 63-68.
Nunnaly, J. C. y Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Oramas, A., González, A. y Vergara, A. (2007). El desgaste profesional. Evaluación y factorialización del MBI-GS. Revista Cubana de Salud y Trabajo, 8(1), 37-45.
Ortega, C. y López, F. (2004). El burnout o síndrome de estar quemado en los profesionales sanitarios: revisión y perspectivas. International Journal of Clinical Health Psychology, 4, 137-160.
Pagano, R. (2011). Estadística para las ciencias del comportamiento (9a ed.). México D.F.: Cengage Learning.
Palma, D. y Ruiz, L. (2018) Análisis de la gestión administrativa del Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen y su impacto en el manejo de la lista única de oportunidad quirúrgica (Tesis de Licenciatura). Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú. Recuperada de https://repositorioacademico.upc.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/10757/624775/Ruiz_BL.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Pomer, M. C. y Giner, I. (2011). Síndrome de estar quemado (Burnout), un riesgo laboral en aumento. Prevalencia en enfermeras del CHGU de Valencia. Enfermería integral, (94), 21-24.
Ramos, F. (1999). El síndrome de Burnout. Madrid: UNED-Klinik.
Razali, N. M. y Wah, Y. B. (2011). Power Comparison of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson Darling tests. Journal of Statistical Modeling and Analytics, 2(1), 21-33.
Redacción La República (07 de agosto del 2017). MINSA: enfermeras acatan huelga indefinida desde este lunes. La Republica. Recuperado de http://larepublica.pe/sociedad/1070900-minsa-enfermeras-acatan-huelga-indefinida-este-lunes
Rushton, C. H., Batcheller, J., Schroeder, K. y Donohue, P. (2015). Burnout and Resilience Among Nurses Practicing in High-Intensity Settings. American Journal of Critical Care, 24(5), 412–420. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2015291
Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., Llorens, S., Peiro, J. y Grau, R. (2000). Desde el “burnout” al “engagement”: ¿una nueva perspectiva? Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 16(2), 117-134.
Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., Maslach, C. y Jackson, S. E. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey. En C. Maslach, SE. Jackson y M.P. Leiter (Eds.) The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Test Manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Serrano-Parra, M., Garrido-Abejar, M., Notario-Pacheco, B., Bartolomé-Gutiérrez, R., Solera-Martínez, M., y Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2013). Validez de la escala de resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (10 ítems) en una población de mayores no institucionalizados. Enfermería Clínica, 23(1), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2012.11.006
Soler Sánchez, M. I., Meseguer de Pedro, M, y García Izquierdo, M. (2016). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala de resiliencia de 10 ítems de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10) en una muestra multiocupacional. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 48(3), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rlp.2015.09.002
Vivanco, T. (08 de mayo del 2017). Una enfermera atiende a 20 pacientes, lo que evidencia un déficit de personal en EsSalud. Diario Correo. Recuperado de https://diariocorreo.pe/edicion/huancayo/una-enfermera-atiende-a-20-pacientes-evidenciando-un-deficit-de-personal-en-essalud-748289/
Wallang, P. y Ellis, R. (2017). Stress, burnout and resilience and the HCA. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 11(6), 273–275. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2017.11.6.273
Copyright (c) 2019 Interacciones
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright and give the journal the right of the first publication and that they can edit it, reproduce it, distribute it, exhibit it and communicate it in the country and abroad through printed and digital media.
The digital version of the journal is registered under a Creative Commons license (Under Creative Commons License): Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Therefore, this work can be reproduced, distributed and publicly communicated in digital format, provided that the names of the authors and Interacciones.
Therefore, it is established that authors can make other independent and additional behavioural agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (eg, include it in institutional repositories or publish it in a book) as long as it is clearly indicated that the work was published for the first time in this journal.