Confirmatory Factorial Analysis of the Personal Spirituality Scale in Puerto Ricans Adults
Abstract
Spirituality is defined as the multidimensional capacity of search for meaning and connection in relationships with oneself, other people, nature or the sacred. The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability and factor structure of Personal Spirituality Scale (PSS-R) in a sample of Puerto Ricans adults. A total of 577 Puerto Ricans participated in this psychometric study. The results confirmed that the PSS has a multidimensional structure. These dimensions were Intrapersonal Spirituality, Interpersonal Spirituality and Transpersonal Spirituality. The twelve items complied with the criteria of discrimination. The reliability index obtained fluctuated between .81 to .95. The PSS-R has appropriate psychometric properties useful for validation studies. It can be used in different lines of research, theoretical as well as applied.
Downloads
References
Ato, M., López, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. doi:10.1007/BF02723327
Bonelli, R.M. & Koenig, H.G. (2013). Mental disorders, religion and spirituality 1990 to 2010: A systematic evidence-based review. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(2), 657-673. doi:10.1007/s10943-0139691-4
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.). doi:10.4324/9781410600219
Campo-Arias, A., & Oviedo, H. C. (2008). Propiedades psicométricas de una escala: La consistencia interna. Revista de Salud Pública, 10(5), 831-839.
Delaney, C. (2005). The Spirituality Scale: Development and psychometric testing of a holistic instrument to assess the human spiritual dimension. Journal Holistic Nursering, 23(2), 145-167. doi:10.1177/0898010105276180
Dubourdie, M. (2008). Psicoterapia Integrativa PNIE: Psiconeuroinmunoendocrinología, integración cuerpo mente entorno. Montevideo, Uruguay: Psicolibros Waslala.
Ellison, C. W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11(4), 330-340.
Engel, G.L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for bio-medicine. Science, 196(4286), 129-136.
Fornell, C. & F.L. Bookstein (1982). Two structural equation models: LISREL and PLS applied to consumer exit-voice theory. Journal of Marketing Research, 19(4), 440-452.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 39–50.
García-Fernández, C.I. (2016). Autoinventario para medir actitudes y destrezas de inteligencia moral y espiritual para personas mayores de 21 años basado en los postulados de la ética reverencia a la vida (Disertación doctoral inédita). Universidad Carlos Albizu, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Garssen, B., Visser, A., & Jager Meezenbroek, E. (2016). Examining whether spirituality predicts subjective well-being: How to avoid tautology. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 8(2), 141-148. doi:10.1037/rel0000025
González-Rivera, J.A. (2015). Espiritualidad en la clínica: Integrando la espiritualidad en la psicoterapia y la consejería. San Juan, P.R.: Ediciones Psicoespiritualidad.
González-Rivera, J.A. (2016). Relación entre la espiritualidad y el bienestar subjetivo en una muestra de adultos puertorriqueños de ambos géneros. (Disertación doctoral inédita). Universidad Carlos Albizu, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
González-Rivera, J.A. (2017). Integrando la Espiritualidad en la Consejería y la Psicoterapia: Modelo Multidimensional de Conexión Espiritual. Revista Griot, 10(1), 56-69.
González-Rivera, J.A., Veray-Alicea, J., & Rosario, A. (2017). Desarrollo, validación y descripción teórica de la escala de espiritualidad personal en una muestra de adultos en Puerto Rico. Revista Puertorriqueña de Psicología, 28(2), 388-404.
Hall, T. W. & Edwards, K. J. (2002). The spiritual assessment inventory: A theistic model and measure for assessing spiritual development. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(2), 341-357. doi:10.1111/1468-5906.00121
Hiraldo-Lebrón, C.M. (2014). Traducción, adaptación y validación de una escala para medir inteligencia espiritual en una muestra de estudiantes graduados/as en Puerto Rico (Disertación doctoral inédita). Universidad Carlos Albizu, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
King, D.F. (2000). Faith, spirituality and medicine: Toward the making of a healing practitioner. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Pastoral Press.
Kline, P. (2000). The Handbook of psychometric testing. New York: Routledge.
Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Koenig, H.G. (2008). Concerns about measuring spirituality in research. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196(5), 349-355. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31816ff796
Koenig, H.G. (2009). Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: A review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 283-291.
Koenig, H.G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. International Scholarly Research Network, Article ID 278730, 1-33. doi: 10.5402/2012/278730
Koenig, H.G. (2015). Religion, spirituality, and health: A review and update. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, 29(3), 19-26.
Koenig, H.G., McCullough, M. & Larson, D.B. (2001). Handbook of religion and health: A century of research reviewed. New York: Oxford University Press.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Preacher, K. J. & Hong, S. (2001). Sample size in factor analysis: The role of model error. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36(4), 611-637. doi:10.1207/S15327906MBR3604_06
Monod, S., Brennan, M., Rochat, E., Martin, E., Rochat, S., & Büla, C.J. (2011). Instruments Measuring Spirituality in Clinical Research: A Systematic Review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(11), 1345-1357. doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1769-7
Morales, S. (2014). Relación entre la espiritualidad, el bienestar físico y el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes universitarios. Revista Griot, 7(1), 7-18.
Moreira, A., Lotufo, F. & Koenig, H. (2006). Religiousness and mental health: A review. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 28(3), 242-250. doi:10.1590/S1516-44462006005000006
Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in psychology. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7(3), 847-862.
Pagán-Torres, O.M., Reyes-Estrada, M. & Cumba-Avilés, E. (2017). Religión, Espiritualidad y Terapia Cognitivo Conductual: Una Reseña Actualizada. Salud y Conducta Humana, 4(1), 13-34.
Pew Research Center’s Forum on Religion & Public Life (2012). The global religious landscape: A report on the size and distribution of the world’s major religious groups as of 2010. Recuperado de www.pewforum.org/files/2014/01/gl obal-religion-full.pdf
Quan-Vega, M.Y. (2008). Traducción, adaptación y validación de escala de espiritualidad (Disertación doctoral inédita). San Juan: Universidad Carlos Albizu, Recinto de San Juan.
Quiceno, J.M., & Vinaccia, S. (2009). La salud en el marco de la psicología de la religión y la espiritualidad. Diversas perspectivas en Psicología, 5(2), 321-336.
Raykov, T., & Shrout, P. E. (2002). Reliability of scales with general structure: Point and interval estimation using a structural equation modeling approach. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 195-212.
Richards, P. S., & Bergin, A. E. (2005). A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66(4), 507-514.
Scharrón-del-Río, M. R. (2005). Espiritualidad, psicología y sintomatología depresiva: Traducción, adaptación y evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de tres instrumentos de autoinforme sobre la espiritualidad y su relación con la sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes universitarios (Disertación doctoral inédita). Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (3rd Ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Seidlitz, L., Abernethy, A. D., Duberstein, P. R., Evinger, J. S., Chang, T. H., & Lewis, B. L. (2002). Development of the spiritual transcendence index. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 41(3), 439-453. doi:10.1111/1468-5906.00129
Sperry, L. (2012). Spirituality and clinical practice: Theory and practice of spiritually oriented psychotherapy (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Sulmasy, D. P. (2002). A biopsychosocial-spiritual model for the care of patients at the end of life. The Gerontologist, 42(3), 24-33.
Copyright (c) 2018 Interacciones
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the copyright and give the journal the right of the first publication and that they can edit it, reproduce it, distribute it, exhibit it and communicate it in the country and abroad through printed and digital media.
The digital version of the journal is registered under a Creative Commons license (Under Creative Commons License): Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Therefore, this work can be reproduced, distributed and publicly communicated in digital format, provided that the names of the authors and Interacciones.
Therefore, it is established that authors can make other independent and additional behavioural agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (eg, include it in institutional repositories or publish it in a book) as long as it is clearly indicated that the work was published for the first time in this journal.